Correlation Matrix refers to the departure of two random variables from independence. There are several coefficients, measuring the degree of correlation, adapted to the nature of the data. The following illustration is a commodities correlation matrix.Tuesday, December 2, 2008
Correlation Matrix
Correlation Matrix refers to the departure of two random variables from independence. There are several coefficients, measuring the degree of correlation, adapted to the nature of the data. The following illustration is a commodities correlation matrix.
Similarity Matrix
A similarity matrix is a matrix of scores which express the similarity between two data points. The following illustration is an amino acid similarity matrix.http://mendel.ethz.ch:8080/Server/ServerBooklet/_17545_tabular891.gif
Star Plots
The star plot is a graphical method of displaying multivariate data. Each star represents a single observation. Star plots are generated in a multi-plot format with many stars on each page and each star representing one observation. Star plots are used to examine the relative values for a single data point and to locate similar points or dissimilar points.Stem and Leaf Plot
A stem-and-leaf plot is a display that organizes data to show its shape and distribution. The ones digit and the tens digit and greater of each data item is separated as leaves and stems respectively.Box Plot
A box plot is a way of graphically depicting groups of numerical data. The box plot shown here shows the fuel economy averages by different country.
Histogram
A histogram is a graphical display of tabulated frequencies, shown as bars. It shows what proportion of cases fall into each of several categories. The following histogram is of final exam scores and how many students fell into each score range.Parallel Coordinate Graph
Parallel coordinate maps are a visual multidimensional coordinate system with applications in the air traffics control, data mining and models of complex systems.
Triangular Plot
This triangular plot shows the percentage of votes distributed between the Labour, Conservative, and Liberal Democratic parties in an election in the United Kingdom.
Windrose
A wind rose is used to represent how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. The circular format shows the frequency of wind blowing from a particular direction. The spokes relate to the frequency that the wind blows from a particular direction in time.Climograph
A climograph depicts the monthly precipitation and temperature for a selected location. This climograph is of Memphis, Tennessee. Precipitation is shown by a bar graph and temperature is shown by a line graph.
Scatterplot
The following scatter plot uses two variables to represent a relationship between income and experience. The line moves in an upward slope indicating that as experience increases, so does the income.
Index Value Plot
The following index value plot shows the rainfall recorded in inches in Oregon from 1999 until 2006. Four inches of rain fall per years is considered normal and is the base number. Anything above or below four inches is a variance.http://water.usgs.gov/waterwatch/regplots/real/real_or_2.gif
Lorenz Curve
A Lorenz curve is used for showing the concentration of ownership of economic quantities such as wealth and income. The following Lorenz Curve shows the distribution of national income among the total population. It shows what percentage of the population the percentages of wealth of distribute to.
Bilateral Graph
This bilateral graph shows the interest rate fluctuations of 30 year fixed and jumbo mortgages in California for a one year period between 2007 and 2008.
Nominal Area Choropleth Map
The following Nominal Area Choropleth Map of the United States presidential election in 2008 shows only which parties nominee won the state. It give not other information on popular or electoral vote result. Republicans are represented in red, and the Democrats are represented in blue.
Unstandardized Choropleth Maps
An Unstandardized Choropleth Map does not show a specific number o ranking in relation to the variables. This Unstandardized Choropleth Map shows only which minority has the largest percentage of population in each state in the U.S.
Standardized Choropleth Map
This Standardized Choropleth Map shows the population density of people 14 years of age and younger living in an Canada and more specifically in a particular area in Canada.
Univariate Choropleth Map
A Univariate Choropleth maps show only a single variable of data. This map shows the percentage of individuals that live in poverty across the United States.
Bivariate Choropleth Map
Bivariate choropleth maps use two variables on a map by using graphic symbols or colors. The map here shows the change in population density in Russia’s Central Federal District in 2002 and the rate of change in population density from 1989-2002.
Unclassed Choropleth Map
This unclassed choropleth map show the amount of total vegetables harvested per acre across the United States. Areas in Washington, Florida and California represented in dark green represent the areas of highest density. http://www.nass.usda.gov/research/atlas02/Crops/Vegetables%20and%20Melons%20Harvested/Vegetables,%20Acres%20Harvested%20for%20Sale-choropleth%20map.gif
Classed Choropleth Map
The following map is a choropleth map that shows the amount of Latino population in each county in Florida. The red areas represent the areas of largest population and those in yellow represent the lowest.Range Graded Proportional Circle Map
This Range graded proportional circle map represents the populations of the different countries in Europe. The larger the circle represents the larger population in each country. The key shows how the size of each circle corresponds to the population it represents.Continuously Variable Proportional Circle Map
This map shows the population size and the proportion of industries that each of the cities shown in Western Germany has. The larger the circle is, the larger the cities population. Then the circles are divided by the type of industry for the area and how large of a presence each has in the area.
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/west_germany_ind_1972.jpg
DOQQ
A DOQQ is a computer generated image of an aerial photograph. They are produced in either grayscale or color. DOQQ’s are referenced to NAD83 and UTM. This map is a DOQQ of Washington, D.C.
DEM
A digital elevation model is a digital representation of ground surface, topography or terrain. It can be represented as a raster or as triangular. This map from NOAA is a raster map that shows the topography of the United States East coast.
DLG
A digital line graph is a digital representation of cartographic information from the USGS. They used in PLSS applications and for showing boundaries. This map is a digital line graph of the highway system of Story county in the state of Iowa./storyimage.gif){kind=link}
DRG
A digital raster graphic is an image scanned of a USGS standard topographical map. The image is geo-referenced and fits to the UTM projection. The data matches the sources map and uses a minimum of 250 DPI resolution.http://www.forestpal.com/images/drg.gif
Isopleth
Isopleths or contour lines are used in meteorology. They connect different points that that have an equal value of some variable. They are used in map that represent temperature, air pressure, and wind speed.
http://www.jsu.edu/depart/geography/mhill/phygeogone/mappr.jpg
Isopach
Isopachs are contour lines that are used to show the thickness of rock sediment of a paricular geographic formation on a map. This map of Florida show the thickness of the rock sediment off the coast of Florida in the Gulf of Mexico.
Isohyets
Isohyets are contour lines drawn on a map to indicate areas of equal amounts of rainfall. The map here shows the distribution and amounts rainfall on the Indian Sub-Continent.http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80391e/80391E00.GIF
Sunday, November 30, 2008
Isotachs
Isotachs are used to show wind speed on a map. The isotachs on this map of Florida are measured in intervals of 10 knots.http://weather.cod.edu/help/700tach.gif
Isobars
This is a map that makes the use of isobars. Each isobar represents the air pressure within the particular areas represented. http://www.newmediastudio.org/DataDiscovery/Hurr_ED_Center/Hurr_Structure_Energetics/Closed_Isobars/Closed_Isobars_fig02.jpg
Sunday, October 19, 2008
Remote Sensing
The remote senseing data presented here is an aerial photograph that makes use of Infared emultion to create the false colors. The photograph happens to be the house I lived in from the time I was born in 1972 until 1990. It is interesting to see the changes, many brought By Hurricane Andrew. There were alot more trees when I lived there. It also conjures up alot of memories for me seeing the home and neighborhood from this view.
LIDAR
LIDAR or Light Detection and Ranging is technology that measures the properties of scattered light to find the range or other information about an object. The following picture is a LIDAR image of Mount St. Helens in Wasington State.http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Eruption04/Monitoring/ImagesGraphics/LIDAR_crater_dome_sept03_and_nov04_animated.gif
Doppler Radar
The Doppler Radar image shown here is of Hurricane Claudette getting ready to make landfall on the coast of Texas. The areas in different colors represent the velocity and intensity of precipitation. The areas in red represent the most intense areas of the storm.
Black and White Aeiral Photo
The Black and White Aerial Photograph is of Oberlin Kansas. The photo shows agricultural land use that surrounds the city. It also shows the location of water wells around the city.
http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Hydro/Publications/2001/OFR01_50/gifs/fig1.jpg
Infared Aerial Photo
The picture here is an aerial infared photograph of Lookout Mountain in Tennessee. The photograph shows how the different colors of the infared spectrum look.http://www.ces.clemson.edu/semaps/al/lomt-a.jpg
Cartiographic Animation
The cartiographic animation was made to show the possible flooding that could occur in Galviston Texas from a hurricane.This animation assumes a storm surge of up to 20 feet.http://www.3dnworld.com/users/1/images/Galveston_TX20000.jpg
Statistical Map
This map is shows the rate of change in larceny crimes committed different areas of Denver Colorado between 2001 and 2002. The map shows increase, decrease, and no change represented by different colors. Each area also has a number representing the increase or decrease percentage.
Cartogram
The cartogram here depicts the proportion of gross domestic product per capita by different regions of the world. The larger the GDP per capita for that region is, the larger that region is depicted. This can be seen by looking at the size and GDP of South America compared to North America.
Flow Map
This flow map is used to show cause and effect. The rectangle in the center with the bold blue border signifies the event that occured. The rectangles on the left shows what caused the event. The rectangles on the right show the effect of the event.http://www.nhcs.k12.nc.us/htree/Curriculum/ThinkingMaps/MultiFlowMap.jpg
Isoline Map
The isolines on this map of the island of Maui in Hawaii are used to show the distribution of rainfall. The map demonstrates how dramatically different the amount of rainfall can be for very small area. The closer the lines and darker shade of green signify the areas with the most rainfall. http://www.esri.com/news/arcwatch/0207/graphics/feature1-lg.jpg
Proportional Circle Map
This map shows the population of Mexicans in the Western United States and uses proportion circles to show the Mexican population in each state. According to the map key, the larger the circle the greater the Mexican population in that state. As you can see by the proportion circles, states bordering Mexico tend to have the largest populations.
Chloropleth Map
This Choropleth map show how much hay was harvested across the United States in 2002. The darker the color the more hay harvested in that area. The map shows the majority of harvesting bin done in the midwester and northwestern regions of the country.
Dot Distribution Map
The following map is a dot distribution map and it can be useful in determining where people live and how many people there are in a given area.. This map identifies the distribution and concentration of military families in the state of Ohio. http://operationmilitarykids.ohio4h.org/resources/images/dotMap.gif
Propaganda Map
The following map was used as propaganda by the allied forces to show the growing threat that Europe faced from the expansionist policy of Nazi Germany. The map shows in black the areas that Germany had already annexed by 1937. Each country on the map has year in which the Nazi Germany would take over the coutry. The contrast of the colors shows how soon it will happen. The darker colored countries would be taken over sooner than the lighter colored countries.
Hypsometric Map
This hypsometric map of central Greece show the different elevations of the terrain across the region. The elevation is contrasted in by the use of contours and colors. Darker colors represent higher elevations and the light colors represent areas of lower elevation.http://www.uam.es/proyectosinv/sterea/beocia/images/figure_8_gis.jpg
PLSS Map
This is A PLSS map of the townships in Alabama. The boundaries marked in blue represent the townships within Franklin county.http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~alfrankl/plss_basemap_alabama.jpg
Thursday, September 25, 2008
Cadastral Map
This kind of map is used to show the boundaries and ownership of parcels of land. This map shows the division of land parcels in Cyprus. Notice the different sizes and shapes of each land parcel. http://www.cadastraltemplate.org/countrydata/cy2.jpg
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